Response to Instruction and Intervention, is a PA initiative to address the needs of all students in the general education curriculum. Two laws that promote this initiative are the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB 2001) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA 2004). IDEA 2004 permits school districts to use a process to intervene early with struggling students and to determine if a child responds to scientific, research-based intervention as a part of the evaluation procedures for students with learning disabilities. In Pennsylvania, this assessment and instructional framework is known as Response to Instruction and Intervention (RtII).